Case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Case study - Assignment Example The nursing assessment tools relevant for the situation of David Kings are Crichton Royal behavior scale and the Barthel Index. Barthel Index encompasses ten items for measuring daily functioning of patients and particularly mobility and daily living (Gallao 2006, pg. 201). The tool helps in investigating items such as moving, feeding, transferring to toilet and back, bathing, walking, dressing, grooming, up and downstairs movement and continence of bladder. The Barthel Index is important here considering that the situation of avid King disenables him practicing self-care or operating independent of a caretaker. His hands are weak, he cannot communicate and has incontinent bladder that makes the tool the best for offering comprehensive care. Crichton Royal behavior scale measures patient’s ability in ten dimensions or items that include mobility, memory, self-care, social disturbances, communication and orientation (Schachter 2011, pg. 181). This toll is relevant considering t hat it guides in accurate assessment on issues that directly affect David Kings. For instance, the tool cab help a nurse assess and scale communication, coordination and memory capability of the patient. From the description of the case study, David Kings seems to be suffering from three health problems that include heart attack, body injuries and impaired memory. Body injuries resulting from the slump that necessitated admission of David Kings in the hospital is the most urgent health care problem that nurses need to attend. Impaired memory and cognition is the second most urgent healthcare need about David Kings and which requires quick attention. Heart attack that could be due blood pressure requires the least urgent medical care. The reason for making manifest and hidden body injuries as urgent healthcare problems facing David Kings relates to the magnitude of the pain that the problem is likely to cause to the patient. Managing and

Types of Channels in Marketing Essay Example for Free

Types of Channels in Marketing Essay Most businesses use third parties or intermediaries to bring their products to market. They try to forge a distribution channel which can be defined as all the organisations through which a product must pass between its point of production and consumption Why does a business give the job of selling its products to intermediaries? After all, using intermediaries means giving up some control over how products are sold and who they are sold to. The answer lies in efficiency of distribution costs. Intermediaries are specialists in selling. They have the contacts, experience and scale of operation which means that greater sales can be achieved than if the producing business tried run a sales operation itself. Channel levels consist of consumer marketing channels or the industrial marketing channels. A factor common among both channel levels is that both include the producer as well as the end customer. 1) Zero Level channel / Direct Marketing Channel – Consists of a manufacturer directly selling to the end consumer. This might mean door to door sales, direct mails or telemarketing.  Dell online sales is a perfect example of a zero level channel marketing. 2) One Level channel – As the name suggests, the one level channel has an intermediary in between the producer and the consumer. An example of this can be insurance in which there is an insurance agent between the insurance company and the customer. 3) Two level Channel – A widely used marketing channel especially in the FMCG( fast moving consumer goods are products which are sold at a relatively low cost and are sold quickly) and the consumer durables industry which consists of a wholesaler and a retailer. ) Three level channel – Again observed in both the FMCG and the consumer durables industry, the three level channel can combine the roles of a distributor on top of a dealer and a retailer. The distributor stocks the most and spreads it to dealers who in turn give it to retailers. Number of intermediaries There are three broad options intensive, selective and exclusive distribution: Intensive distribution aims to provide saturation coverage of the market by using all available outlets. For many products, total sales are directly linked to the number of outlets used (e. g. igarettes, beer). Intensive distribution is usually required where customers have a range of acceptable brands to chose from. In other words, if one brand is not available, a customer will simply choose another. Intensive distribution is appropriate for products such as chewing gum, candy bars, soft drinks, bread, film, and cigarettes where the primary factor influencing the purchase decision is convenience. Industrial products that may require intensive distribution include pencils, paperclips, transparent tape, file folders, typing paper, transparency masters, screws, and nails. Selective distribution involves a producer using a limited number of outlets in a geographical area to sell products. An advantage of this approach is that the producer can choose the most appropriate or best-performing outlets and focus effort (e. g. training) on them. Selective distribution works best when consumers are prepared to shop around in other words they have a preference for a particular brand or price and will search out the outlets that supply. Selective distribution may be used for product categories such as clothing, appliances, televisions, stereo equipment, home furnishings, and sports equipment. Exclusive distribution is an extreme form of selective distribution in which only one wholesaler, retailer or distributor is used in a specific geographical area. Products such as specially automobiles, some major appliances, certain brands of furniture, and lines of clothing that enjoy a high degree of brand loyally are likely to be distributed on an exclusive basis. This is particularly true if the consumer is willing to overcome the inconvenience of traveling some distance to obtain the product. Usually, exclusive distribution is undertaken when the manufacturer desires more aggressive selling on the part of the wholesaler or retailer, or when channel control is important, exclusive distribution may enhance the products image and enable the firm to charge higher retail prices. Terms and Responsibilities of Channel Members * Price policies: This out the price at which middlemen will get the product from the manufactures and the discount schedule. It also mentions the price at which middlemen may sell the product. Condition of sales: The manufacturing firm stipulates mode or payment terms. For example, some firms ask middlemen to put a deposit with them. Some other firms insist payment to reach them on the day the intermediary takes physical possession of the goods. Others may accept a letter of credit as a payment mode . Credit policy of the manufacturer stipulates the period in which it must get paid. * Territorial Rights: The manufacturer should spell out the territorial jurisdiction of each of the distributor to avoid any territory jumping. This will also help in the distributor’s evaluation.

people :: essays research papers

EDGAR ALLAN POE 1809 - 1849 â€Å"Quoth the Raven, â€Å"Nevermore† Edgar Allan Poe – Darkness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dark what is dark? It is defined in the dictionary as: Darkadj 1.Being without light or without much light. 2. Not a light in colour 3.Gloomy. 4. Being without knowledge and culture 5.Secretive – darklyadv – Dark-ness n.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  dark2n 1.Absance of light: Darkness; esp.: night 2. A dark or deep colour – in the dark 1. In secrecy. 2. In ignorance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dark is a major part of Edgar Allan Poe’s work. Take for example â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum†: The main character is locked in a dungeon with no light to see his surroundings. â€Å"I quickly unclosed my eyes. My worst thoughts, then, were confirmed. The blackness of eternal night encompassed me.† (Edgar Allan Poe, story and structure Canadian edition, â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum† pg.357 line 33.) Take also for example â€Å"The Mask of the Red Death†. The seventh room was black. â€Å" But in the western or black chamber the effect of the fire light that streamed upon the dark hangings through the blood – tinted panes, was ghastly and extreme †¦ It was in this apartment, also, that there stood against the west wall a gigantic clock of ebony.† These are just examples of literally darkness with no light. There is also the literary darkness Like in the â€Å"Tell Tale Heart†, the man murders his employer â€Å" He shrieked once – once only. In an n instance I dragged him to the floor, and pulled the heave bed over him... the old man was dead†¦I took for the concealment of the body. The night warned, and I walked hastily, but in silence , first as I dismembered the corps. I cut off the head and the legs and the arms†. â€Å"The Raven† the man is mourning over the lost love Lanor. When a raven comes only to torment his already tired soul. With those words of pain â€Å"Never More†. †On this home by horror haunted – tell me truly I implore – is there – is there balm in Gilead? – tell me – tell me – I implore!† â€Å"Quoth the raven â€Å"never more†Ã¢â‚¬    Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion it is said that the greatest writer either write about sex or death and Edgar Allan Poe is one of the greatly misunderstood writers of our day due to the lack of information on him and his life.

Essay --

Latin American countries should provide free birth control devices to all its citizens. Giving free birth control devices will cause a cascade effect that will help these countries that are in poverty. Since many of these Latin American countries are in poverty such as Brazil, Colombia and Guatemala it will make these countries have less deaths, crime and drug trafficking. In many of these countries there are huge amounts of drug trafficking and gang violence happening in these same countries that have a huge poverty and high amount of children born. Since many of these children are born with poverty they struggle to eat. Providing birth control devices for the Latin American countries would allow a lesser birth rate in these countries allowing these family to afford a living rather than having to survive whether it be legal or not. Since these countries are not providing birth control devices there is a high birth rate that far exceeds the income that one can provide. However there are many different ways that are birth control such as pills, condoms, etc.; since none of these devi...

As Essay on the Film “Boyz N The Hood”

Many of the predominant concepts in the film Boyz N The Hood are best viewed from a sociological perspective. The film tackles friendship, parenthood, violence, revenge, and conflict as part of the human condition, all in the context of â€Å"the hood† (the black neighborhood/community). Other less dominant concepts are racial prejudice, drug abuse, abuse of power, gentrification, sexuality, and equality in education.The problems of parenthood, violence, conflict, sexuality, drugs, power abuse, and discrimination are all too real; the relevance of these problems as depicted in the film resonates with today's modern society. Although some aspects of the film have exaggerated implications for the average American neighborhood (such as the sound of police cars, helicopters, and shooting which are often heard in the background, and the commonness of extreme violence), the issues depicted are actual and immediate for many Americans.One scene highlights the prejudicial attitudes of some white people to blacks: During the first part of the film when the teacher calls Tre’s mother, Reva, instead of discussing Trey’s situation, the teacher needlessly asks whether or not Reva is employed, to which Reva answers that she is both employed and studying to get her master’s degree. The teacher seems to respond to this condescendingly, saying, â€Å"Oh, so you are educated†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This shows how some white people automatically assume that blacks are either unemployed on uneducated.This exchange makes the viewer think: Would the teacher have asked the same questions had the mother been a white person? In slum neighborhoods teeming with illegal immigrants, problems with inequality and violence seem to abound. Particularly, the Latino communities in the U. S. seem to be experiencing the same issues as that of the blacks. This includes the prevailing racial prejudice, the income disparity between racial groups, and the dangers of living in violent neighborhoods.

Django Reinhardt Biography Essay Example

Django Reinhardt Biography Essay Example Django Reinhardt Biography Paper Django Reinhardt Biography Paper Django Reinhardt Django Reinhardt is known as one of the most talented jazz guitar soloist and as France’s most famous jazz performer. Django Reinhardt was born Jean-Baptiste Reinhardt on January 23, 1910 in Liverchies, Belgium. His parents were Jean-Eugene who was a musician and entertainer, and La Belle Laurence (also known as Negros because of her dark beauty) who was a dancer. He was born in the back of the caravan, which the Manouche gypsy family lived. His parents named him â€Å"Django† in his Romany name, which means â€Å"I awake† (Dregni, pp1-3). At a young age Reinhardt was introduced to music. Django’s father, Jean, was very talented and supported the family playing music on various instruments while his wife danced. On the back of the caravan where they lived, Jean had a stage where he and his wife performed musicals. Django’s first instrument was the violin which is very popular among gypsies because of the ease of transporting. He had no formal education in any school for music or reading: he was illiterate. His fathers as well as his Uncle Guiligou are credited with teaching him his early musical abilities. At the age of twelve he was given a banjo by a Manouche gypsy friend who saw how much he enjoyed music. Django played the banjo constantly which led to swollen bleeding fingertips. After witnessing how well her son played the banjo, Negro bought him a real guitar. Django, along with his cousin played the guitar on street corners and eventually into Paris (Dregni, pp 13-14) When Django was five years old his father left his mother to go live with his previous wife and children. Django would still see his father when they traveled and crossed paths. Soon after receiving the guitar, Django would venture to Porte de Clignancourt to the see his father and Uncle performing in a dance hall called Chez Clodoche. Django would hide under the tables and listen to the music. He was mostly interested in his Uncle Guiligou’s guitar playing and would watch as he played the chords. Once home, Django would repeat on his own guitar what was played that night in the dance hall. Eventually, his Uncle found him hiding and asked him to play a song on his guitar. He was so impressed with Django’s ability that he was soon playing with his father and Uncle every Saturday night at the Chez Clodoche. It was around this time as well that while playing in a cafe he was noticed by Vetese Guerino, an accordion player. Guerino hired Django to play for the large amount of ten francs a night (Dregni, pp 13-16). Django continued to play in dance halls from the age of 12 to 18 years old. His first record or recording was in 1928. Because of his illiteracy his name was spelled Jiango Renard on the record. It was during this time that he met Sophie Irma Ziegler, also a Manouche girl. They were both enchanted with each other and were together for two years until Django met the beautiful Florine Mayer. Django quickly left Sophie (Naguine), and eloped with Florine in the gypsy way. They were soon expecting their first child (Dregni, pp 31-36). It was during the pregnancy that an accident occurred that would forever change Django’s life. One night after returned home from working, fire broke out in the caravan that he and Florine lived. Both were badly burned and brought to the hospital. Django spent the next eighteen months in and out of the hospital, during which his wife gave birth to their baby boy named Lousson. Django almost lost his leg to amputation, but more importantly his left hand was severely burned. He lost the function of his ring and pinky finger leaving them permanently hooked which left only two fingers to play chords with. Unfortunately, his wife Florine left him when she realized how disabled he was, but Sophie, after hearing of his injuries came to his side. During his hospitalization his brother Joseph brought him a guitar and he practiced continually. Miraculously, he taught himself to play the chords with only two fingers. Django developed a new guitar playing technique that enabled him to play fast and not lose any musical ability (Dregni, p45-49). In 1934 while playing at The Hotel Cambridge tea dance he met Stephane Grappelli. During breaks he and Grappelli who played the violin would play and improvise together. They were later joined by Roger Chaput on guitar and Louis Vola on bass and Django’s brother Joseph on guitar as well. They became a group and recorded their first songs together under the label Ultraphone. It was under the Ultraphone label that Dinah, Lady Be Good, Tiger Rag and I Saw Stars were recorded in 1934. They soon named their group Le Quintette de Hot Club de France and recorded many more songs (Red hot jazz, 2008). When the war broke out in the late 1930’s, Grappelli decided to live in England during the war while Reinhardt returned to Paris. He continued to play with a small group and also put together various bands, and recorded additional songs in 1945 with Django Reinhardt and His American Swing Band. In 1946 Duke Ellington invited him to play with him in America. This was his first experience with an electric guitar. He toured only for two weeks with Ellington and returned to Paris somewhat disappointed with the American tour. He did learn some bop while in American as well electric guitar and continued to experiment with those back in Paris. Django continued his career performing in small cafes until 1951 when he retired to Samois-sur-Seine with Naguine and his son Babik. He spent his days fishing, painting and playing billiards. He also came out of retirement in 1953 briefly for his final recording; The Great Artistry of Django Reinhardt which was released in France as well as in America. He also toured in Switzerland in early 1953 and was set to tour in the Jazz at the Philharmonic tour of Europe, United States and Japan later in 1953. He began having difficulty with his fingers as well as experiencing severe headaches, but refused to see a physician. Django Reinhardt died of a stroke on May 16th, 1953 in Samois-sur-Seine at the age of 43 years old. After the funeral Naguine moved out of the caravan and burned all of Django’s belongings. This is traditional to the Manouche gypsies. The only thing that is kept is a picture. So, Django’s precious guitar was burned along with his other possessions. As well as the guitar that was gone, his music could not be played in keeping with the customs. After his death, it was only non-gypsy people who kept his music alive. Dregni, p262-268). An early death did not stop Django Reinhardt from becoming a star in the jazz world or in the gypsy world. I was amazed with what he was forced to overcome to play the guitar. The fire could have been enough to have many musicians stop playing, but his drive and passion to play forced him to overcome great odds. Also, despite being illiterate and unable to read music he was a huge success. I also found very interesting the Manouche customs, especially the customs surrounding death. Django Reinhardt is known as one the best jazz guitarists of all time.

Federalists and anti-federalists

Federalists and anti-federalists The intent of this essay is to show different viewpoints of federalists and anti-federalist colonists and how they were overcome by compromises to form our constitution.It is important to first understand that the birth of our nation is a result of two major events, which we call founding moments. It all began when various unfair and inconsistent policies of England had changed Colonists goodwill towards the imperial power. Colonists felt abandoned, persecuted and betrayed by England. The anger towards England increased due to several misunderstandings and arguments. On one side colonists were not happy and other side England felt that colonists were being ungrateful and paranoid.The anger led colonist's to have feelings and visions of self governance based on Democracy. This was the first founding moment. A desire to form a new nation, declaring independence from England became goal for most colonists, despite their economical, racial or religious differences.That dream became reali ty after England was defeated in the war of independence in 1776 and a new nation was born.After the war, came time for healing and chaos. Once the influence of England had gone, colonists had to face reality and form a new government. Chaos was subdued by promise of compromises. Fears were calmed when it was decided that delegates would meet and come up with a universal solution to their current problems and will address their future.There were many different viewpoints and to structure a new form of government became work in progress. This is now known as second founding moment where various ideologies came together to create a foundation for our great country.The nation was carved out of ideas of Federalists and anti federalists by negotiations, compromises and ideals of equality and fairness to all. After the war of independendence, colonists had...

How to Submit a Pell Grant Application

How to Submit a Pell Grant Application SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're applying for the Pell Grant, it's important to know where the application is and how to submit it. Here's a secret: there's actually no dedicated or special application for the Pell Grant - instead, students are automatically considered for this federal aid program when they submit their Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. But the FAFSA can be complicated for a lot of students since it requires info about your family and financial situation.Follow the steps in this guide in order tosubmit your FAFSA to apply for a Pell Grant! Here, we'll cover: Things to keep in mind before you get started Checking your Pell Grant deadlines The information you'll need to complete the FAFSA Submission methods Completing the Pell Grant application What to do after you submit the FAFSA Common submission questions What You Should Know Before You Get Started To be considered for ANY type of federal student aid, including the Pell Grant, you have to submit a FAFSA - there's no way around it. The good news is that many states, colleges, and universities also use information generated by the FAFSA to award other types of aid. This is good news for you! By applying for the Pell Grant, you'resubmittingan application that could also help you get other types of financial aid. More good news: it's completely free to submit the FAFSA(like it states in the name). Even if you're not sure whether you'd qualify for financial aid, you have nothing to lose by submitting the application except a few hours of your time. That could definitely be worth extra help paying for college. Finally, you should know that the FAFSA needs to be submitted annually. If you're awarded a Pell Grant one year, for example,you won't automatically receive the grant every year. Step 1: Check Your Deadlines You don't want to leave things forthe last minute. How late can you submit your application? The only Pell Grant deadline you need to worry about is the federal aid application deadline. If you hope to look into state aid as well, you also need tobe aware of your state's aid application deadline. The deadline to submit your FAFSA for federal funding for the 2015-2016 school year is June 30, 2016. You may be able to get federal aid even if you submit your application at the end of your school year. States have different application deadlines for submitting the FAFSA.You can check the deadline for your state here. When should you start the application process? Generally, the earlier you can submit your application, the better. First-time college students usuallysubmit their FAFSAs after they've been accepted to schools; these schools use information generated from the FAFSA to put together financial aid packages. You can technically submit your FAFSA as early as January 1 for the year you're entering college. Schools won't use this information, however, until after you've been admitted. If you're a current college student, you can better take advantage of this earlier timeline. It's easy to put off completing the FAFSA until you have to meet a federal or state deadline - don't do this. Some federal funding sources run out early in the application process, so it's best to apply earlier in order to maximize access to funding. Bottom line:If you're a first-time college student, plan on submitting your FAFSA immediately after you get your acceptance letters. If you're a current college student, take advantage of an earlier timeline, and apply in the spring for the following academic year. Step 2: Gather All the Information You'll Need Here's a comprehensive list of everything you need to get started with the FAFSA application: Social Security Number Alien Registration Number (if you're not a US citizen) Most recent federal income tax returns, W-2s, and other records of income Bank statements and investment records (if you have them) Records of untaxed income (if applicable) An FSA ID, if you plan on submitting online (we'll get to submission methods in a minute). You can get a FSA ID here. You'll also need all of the above information from your parents, even if they won't be helping you pay for school. Your parents' financial information is also taken into account when determining how much aid you may be eligible for.Here's some more specific information about getting what you need (everything listed above) from your parents: If your parents are married, gather information for both of them If your parent is widowed or single, you just need information from that one parent If your widowed parent is currently remarried, you need information from that parent + his or her spouse If your parents are divorced or separated, you need information from your custodial parent (the parent you lived with the most in the past year). If your parents have joint custody and you've spent equal time withthem during the past year, you need information from the parent who's supported you the most financially. Dependency overrides There are some special circumstances which may warrant what's called a dependecy override, where your parents' financial information is not taken into account when you apply for federal aid. Common dependency override situations include being married, having kids, homelessness, military service, being in the foster care system, or legal emancipation. If you think you could qualify for a dependency override, you should also gather any important documentation around your special circumstances (for example, any paperwork that would support your claims). Just answer the questions about these circumstances honestly when you fill out your FAFSA. The application will process as incomplete, and you'll need to follow up with the financial aid office of the school you're seeking an aid package from. Step 3: Choose Your Submission Method Choose the path that works best for you. There are two main methods to submit your FAFSA and apply for a Pell Grant. Here, I'll discuss the pros and cons of both methods. Electronic submission The electronic version of the FAFSA is easier and faster than the paper version.The FAFSA website guides you through the application process, and can even notify you about certain errors in real time. You'll receive the results from your submission - a document that tells you about your eligbility for different types of financial aid - in about 3 days. This document is called a Student Aid Report, or SAR. If you plan on submitting your FAFSA online, apply for a FSA ID for you and your parents first! You need a FSA to sign the electronic FAFSA - it can take up to three days to receive your FSA ID, so build this into your timeline. You can access the elctronic version of the FAFSA here. Paper Submission Paper FAFSAs are a bit more cumbersome than the electronic version, and take longer to file (it can be weeks before you get your SAR). Applicants also make more mistakes on the paper FAFSA, and mistakes delay the processing of your application. You should avoid paper submission if you are at all tight on time. You can get a paper copy of the FAFSA at high school guidance offices, college financial aid offices, and at many libraries. You can also download and print a copy of the application yourself here. Step 4: Set Up a Time to Complete Your Application If you've already collected all the necessary paperwork and chosen a submission method, completing the actual application shouldn't betoo difficult. You've already done most of the legwork! As I mentioned above, you need a lot of information from your parents in order to successfully complete the FAFSA. If possible, set up a time when you can go through the application together with your parents - this can help streamline the process if you have questions for them. Schedule 1-2 hours if you are submitting the application electronically. Give yourself some extra time (2-3 hours) if you are submitting a paper application. Side note: You don't need an accountant or financial aid consultant in order to fill out the FAFSA, but if you do have access to these resources, they should be able to assist you with any questions. Step 5: After You Submit The good news: if you submitted a complete FAFSA, you'll be automatically considered for a Pell Grant - no further work required! You should receive an email within 3-5 days of submission including directions to access your SAR (if you submitted electronically - if not, the process will take longer). The colleges you listed on your FAFSA will have access to your SAR shortly after you do. If your application was complete, your SAR will include something called an EFC, or Expected Family Contribution. The EFC is a number used by schools to put together financial aid packages, which can include grants, loans, and scholarships. If you are offered the Pell Grant, it will be included in schools' financial aid packages. If you ever need to check the status of your application, you can call the Federal Student Aid Information center at 1-800-433-3243. You can also log in to the FAFSA website with your FSA ID. Common Questions on the Pell Grant Application This process can be confusing - hopefully all your questions are answered here! I submitted a FAFSA last year. Do I have to do it again for this upcoming school year? Answer: Yes! You need to apply for aid every year. See Step #1 above for a guide on submission timelines. My brother/sister already submitted a FAFSA this year. Do I need to do one too? Answer: Yes - even though it might seem redundant (you're submitting the same family information, right?) each person applying for aid needs to submit their own FAFSA. I want to submit my FAFSA before my family's tax returns are ready. Can I do that? Answer: You can! You'll just need to make estimates about this information as best you can (your parents should be able to help with this). You'll have to update your application if necessary. I want to make changes to my FAFSA after I submitted it. How do I do that? Answer: You'll have to wait until after you've received your SAR before you can make changes. You can use your FSA ID to make corrections on the FAFSA website, and should receive a new SAR shortly thereafter. You can also make changes to the paper SAR if you originally submitted via snail mail - just follow instructions on the SAR, send it back in, and wait for a new SAR to be generated. What's Next? Are you still working on your college applications? Learn more about how to get into your top choice schools, or how to get into the Ivy League. Already heard back about admissions decisions? Check out how to get scholarships based on your standardized test scoresor college academic performance. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

How can we apply or relate the article with the health care today Essay

How can we apply or relate the article with the health care today - Essay Example The results of overpopulation causes high unemployment rate, but more importantly, earth simply doesn’t have enough space to encompass an enormous population and feed them all at the same time. And in addition to that, the amount of waste emitted simply has no other place to go which may even lead to harmful chemicals leaking to the water system and affecting the drinking water used in households. As it is, fresh drinking water is no longer as abundant as it used to be. Waste products always tend to find their way to the ocean and oil wastes in particular are constantly affecting the marine ecosystem. The food industry is constantly researching ways to speed up the growth of food stocks to meet the demands of a world that needs constant feeding, which brings us genetically enhanced products, usually by growth hormones used to enhance the stocks, on our dinner tables. Over time, the rapid multiplication of the population, constant consumption of enhanced edibles and a frequent exposure to a polluted environment will result to the inevitable outbreaks of diseases and illnesses. The amount of waste emitted everyday all over the world, from plastics, cans, oil wastes and other industrial toxics are more than what we know what to do with.

Create a topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Create a topic - Essay Example ssing, ingredients of the food which I provided to the customers, hygienic conditions of the processing people, suppliers and the physical environment of the processing area and the supplying area. Frome this detailed analysis I will be able to isolate the issues to be attacked. â€Å"In the Forming stage, team members are getting to know one another and getting comfortable with one another. Members will naturally try to understand their own roles, the roles of the other team members and their purpose in the group. This is entirely natural and to be expected.† (Stages of Team Development) The team members must coordinate with each other and they should understand the importance of the mission clearly. One bad performance from a team member can adversely affect the mission. So as a team leader I must make the team aware of the importance of coordination to achieve the goal. Off shoring business activities often create panic among the employs because of the fear of losing jobs. It is difficult for a manager to manage the work force under such conditions. The fear of losing job may lessen the productivity and will create agitations against the company. It is the manager’s duty to explain the requirement off shoring to the employees. It should be done in a convincing manner. The manager can utilize the Expectancy and Contingency theories of motivation in such circumstances to motivate the employees. According to expectancy theory, people behaviour at work and their goals are not simple. The employee performance at work is based on individual factors such as personality, skill, knowledge, experience, and abilities. The theory suggests even if the individuals have different sets of goals, they can be motivated if they believe their effort leads to performance and performance results in desirable reward (Prit, 2007) The manger should assure the employees that nobody loses their present job and moreover some of them may get overseas assignments as part of the off

Qualitative study appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Qualitative study appraisal - Essay Example It is the continuity which has several harmful manifestations. Literature Review In order to influence, justify and explain certain actions in research, it is always important for the researcher to conduct a literature review. This is also the case if readers are to believe the findings and other assertions formulated by the researcher. To Mason (1996), a research report without literature review lacks an integral part which is supposed to accord the researcher the opportunity to cite reliable who have researched on the same topic. To Mason further, literature review asserts confidence that the writer is not the first to contemplate on the issue, others before have. Newham (1997) argues that, any research paper without literature review is full of the author’s thoughts and opinions and is very hard to convince others otherwise. The researcher in this paper has put a considerable number of reliable citations giving the research paper the required foundation. Study Approach Both qualitative and quantitative research designs were used. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect the information. The combination of the two approaches accords the researcher several advantages. Qualitative approaches generate verbal information and not numeric which is analyzed using the holistic analysis approach proposed for qualitative research designs. Inductive reasoning which is involved in qualitative research studies gives the researcher more freedom to probe for more information and explanations. Further, the researcher chose to continue with the qualitative approach since qualitative data collection tools are flexible and can accommodate urgent changes/refinement in cases of new research ideas. This means that the research setting is not affected in the process of the research design implementation. Data collected using the qualitative data gathering methods is very rich and has justified explanations which evoke feasible research contexts.  A qualitative me thod leads to more realistic feel which cannot be given by numerical data analysis in addition to giving the researcher the opportunity to interact and have a feeling of the participants in their own terminologies. The findings which emanate from such techniques benefit from the fact that the data is primary and unstructured and thus the researcher can twist them to fit the context thus giving a better meaning. Quantitative approaches on the other give rise measurable data and are directed by a formulated hypothesis which is determined by the collected data set empirically. In quantitative research design, the research statements and problem are defined in specific terms and not generals statements and clearly specifies the independent variable and the dependent one. Quantitative approaches gives rise to measurable and objective hence providing an effective way of determining casual findings. Data collected using such methods is said to be reliable and valid as there are restriction s placed before actual data collection. Such information puts controls and ensures objectivity in analysis. A valid and reliable approach is used by the researcher to articulate issues. Combining the advantages of the two approaches eliminate any possibility of a biased report. Considering a small group representing other races ensures data quality which makes it possible to generalize the findings to fit

RESEARCH ON THE JAPANESE YEN Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ON THE JAPANESE YEN - Research Paper Example Precisely, this theory argues that a unit current, for instance, the Yen must have the same purchasing power in a foreign country. The study uses the Japanese Yen together with other currencies in testing the PPP hypothesis and focuses on the empirical analysis from 1980 up to March 2013. This period is divided into three windows. The first window is what is referred to as the complete sample; the pre-crisis sample, which began in January 1980 and ended in August 2008, is the second window. The third window is referred to as the crisis sample, starting from September 2008 up to March 2013. The Japanese Yen among other currencies such as the Euro, the British pound and the U.S dollar are key currencies of the recent floating exchange rate period. In this regard, the first step of the study was to check for the stability of the real exchange rate prior to and after Lehman Brother’s crash in 2008. The empirical results showed that the real exchange rate is not constant for Japane se yen. For a proper evaluation of the problem under study this paper will comprise of various sections, including a brief literature review, the econometric methodology, data and empirical evidence, and lastly a summary of the findings and concluding remarks. The purchasing power theory dates back to several centuries ago, beginning with the Spanish doctors and the ‘Salamanca School’ of the 16th century who had crucial contributions to the economic theory (Laurentiu). They designed a quantitative money theory of the foreign exchange, which was based on diversity in purchasing power in various countries from observing the general effects on price levels, exchange rates and money supplies of large inflows of gold from the newly discovered continent, America. The celebrated Augustinian doctor, called ‘Doctor Navarrus came up with some outstanding contributions in

Developmental Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Developmental Psychology - Essay Example In the developmental Psychology, there are the tendencies to make assessments on the differences between the young and the grown human being in terms of experience, knowledge and thinking, and many aspects that treat the said issue. They said Cognitive development is the growth of skills used by infants and children to understand and interact with the world around them. (Cognitive and Social Development of Children's with HoloProsencephaly). On this note, the children's' since early childhood would be thought about many things based on their ability to understand. For example seeing image and able to remember it at any moment. Additionally, when the child continues to grow would also know the uses and value and the ill effect of any object shows to them. For example, a child would know what the uses of a lamp; while at the same time would be thought that it is very dangerous for him or her to put hands on the open flame of a lamp. Children start learning about sounds when they are still in the womb. Over the first year, this attention towards sounds and particularly voices develops into an understanding of specific words and phrases. We can assess children's understanding of language by looking at 2 their reactions to familiar words and their ability to follow instructions. The ability to understand language begins well before children begin to speak their first words... Children start learning about sounds when they are still in the womb. Over the first year, this attention towards sounds and particularly voices develops into an understanding of specific words and phrases. We can assess children's understanding of language by looking at 2 their reactions to familiar words and their ability to follow instructions. The ability to understand language begins well before children begin to speak their first words. We can also listen to what children are saying. Most children start to produce language-like babbling towards the end of the first year before they actually start speaking words. (Cognitive and Social Development of Children's with HoloProsencephaly) Developmental psychology also helps to dictate the differences that relates to child development. Example of this is that, its give an insight and background of children's with different intellectual capacities. Why some children show delayed or slower growth in intellectual abilities compared with their age peers, and why some adults remain cognitively fit into old age and others show cognitive decline. (Developmental Psychology -Concepts of Change and Development) THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT It is through the Developmental psychology that the theory of cognitive development derived, which deals with children's mental capabilities. These include how child can solve problem, memory and language. But the key factor on this aspect is the language acquisition and development of perfectual and motor skills. Piaget is one of the most influential psychologists that shed lights on development of cognitive skills. His theory states that: development proceeds through a set of stages from infancy to adulthood and that there is an end point or goal. Other

RESEARCH ON THE JAPANESE YEN Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ON THE JAPANESE YEN - Research Paper Example Precisely, this theory argues that a unit current, for instance, the Yen must have the same purchasing power in a foreign country. The study uses the Japanese Yen together with other currencies in testing the PPP hypothesis and focuses on the empirical analysis from 1980 up to March 2013. This period is divided into three windows. The first window is what is referred to as the complete sample; the pre-crisis sample, which began in January 1980 and ended in August 2008, is the second window. The third window is referred to as the crisis sample, starting from September 2008 up to March 2013. The Japanese Yen among other currencies such as the Euro, the British pound and the U.S dollar are key currencies of the recent floating exchange rate period. In this regard, the first step of the study was to check for the stability of the real exchange rate prior to and after Lehman Brother’s crash in 2008. The empirical results showed that the real exchange rate is not constant for Japane se yen. For a proper evaluation of the problem under study this paper will comprise of various sections, including a brief literature review, the econometric methodology, data and empirical evidence, and lastly a summary of the findings and concluding remarks. The purchasing power theory dates back to several centuries ago, beginning with the Spanish doctors and the ‘Salamanca School’ of the 16th century who had crucial contributions to the economic theory (Laurentiu). They designed a quantitative money theory of the foreign exchange, which was based on diversity in purchasing power in various countries from observing the general effects on price levels, exchange rates and money supplies of large inflows of gold from the newly discovered continent, America. The celebrated Augustinian doctor, called ‘Doctor Navarrus came up with some outstanding contributions in

Equity and Trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Equity and Trusts - Essay Example This is because, it is expected that for a transfer to be effective, the share transfer form should be filled in, and then submitted to the company, for the completion of the share transfer process in the name of the new shareholder3. However, the ruling in the case Penningon v Waine EWCA CIV 227 [2002] ignored this maxim, and instead pitched the ruling on the intended actions of the transferor. This makes the principle of unconscionability vague in that; as the ruling provided in the case Tunkl v. Regents of the University of California, [1963], it is not possible to effectively establish the intentions of the transferor at the time of his/her death. The principle of unconscionability operates on the basis of three concepts, which are exploitation of weakness, duress and undue influence4. The holds that if any transfer is effected on the basis of any of the three concepts, where the transferor was forced to undertake the action out of severe pressure being exerted on him/her, then t he law, as was provided in the case Williams v. Walker-Thomas Furniture Co. [1965], considers such a transfer as unconscionable, since it was undertaken contrary to the good conscious of the transferor, thus making such a transfer ineffective5. In such a case, the ruling considers the exertion of pressure that arises from the beneficiary of the contract, and thus nullifies the agreement on the basis of the transferor having been forced to undertake an action that was against his or her conscious will. However, the law is silent regarding the exertion of pressure on a transferor by circumstances which are entirely outside the defendant’s control, and thus the pressure arising from a non-beneficiary is not provided a remedy6. Therefore, owing to the silent nature of the law regarding the action to be undertaken in case of the exertion of pressure by a third party, the law becomes vague and unspecific, which then renders the judgment made in application of the principle of uncon scionability not a good law. The principle of unconscionability was established in the Re Rose [1952], where the court observed that if everything had been done to transfer the title from the transferor to the transferee, but a delay has be caused by the operation of the law, then the gift of transfer still remains effective, as long as the transfer is not affected by the contrary conscious will of the transferor7. This provision pitches the validity of the delay on the routine operation of the law8. However, in the case Penningon v Waine EWCA CIV 227 [2002], the delay was caused by the failure of Mr. Pennington to submit the transfer form to the company, and thus the delay in this case does not fit into the routine operation of the law9. Therefore, the ruling under the case Penningon v Waine EWCA CIV 227 [2002], was not undertaken on the basis of the legal delay, but out of a mistake that emanated from the representative of the company’s auditors. However, the explanation gi ven by Lord Justice Arden in this case was that it would have been unconscionable for Ada, the transferor in this case, to change her

Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill Essay Example for Free

Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill Essay Deinstitutionalization refers to releasing a mentally or physically handicapped person from an institution whose main purpose was to provide treatment into a community with the intent of providing services through the community under the supervision of health-care professionals. There have been many positive outcomes from deinstitutionalization for both the patients and society but there have also been many drawbacks of deinstitutionalization. Deinstitutionalization is a process which affects the community as a whole and there are many procedures that must be followed in order to see this process follow through successfully (Watnik, 2001). The deinstitutionalization process began in the late 1950’s, early 1960’s. Facilities were financially liable for patients while they were committed, but were able to modify the burden to the federal government by discharging them. A lot of our society believes that the deinstitutionalization process was simply created because of the facilities’ inadequacy of treatment to their patients. Motivated by a concern for the civil rights of patients, deinstitutionalization focused on more rigorous standards for civil commitment and created practical safeguard processes, such as the right to treatment in the least preventive atmosphere (Watnik, 2001). New York dealt with deinstitutionalization in the wrong ways from the beginning. For instance, New York was the only state prior to 1994 that had limitations specifically prohibiting outpatient commitment. In 1994, the legislation passed the Bellevue Pilot Program which was established to helping the deinstitutionalization process. In 1999, New York Governor George Pataki, created Kendra’s Law which was a law that was influenced by the increase rise of mentally unstable individuals hurting and killing other people randomly. Kendra’s Law allows particular individuals (such as family members) to petition the court to obtain an order for a mentally ill person to receive outpatient treatment if that person meets detailed and definite criteria (Watnik, 2001). Kendras Law helps keep track of mentally ill people when they are discharged from any mental or correction facility so that these individuals can better be assisted in locating an outpatient program that suits their needs. In order for New York to combat the ongoing social issues such as homelessness, crime and the spread of communicable diseases, the state has established disbursement prospectuses that include programs and activities provided in community settings. Some of these programs include mental health centers, outpatient clinics, partial care organizations, self-assured community treatment and support programs, consumer-run programs and services provided by state hospitals off hospital grounds. Total community expenses and accomplishments are evaluated by observing residential and nonresidential services. Kendra’s law in addition to the community programs, also helps reach out to the mentally ill community by giving them ongoing support and assistance to helping control their illnesses and keep out of trouble (Watnik, 2001). After reading this article, I found that New York is missing a lot of key point in establishing a deinstitutionalization process. For starters, I believe that there should be stricter laws and regulations directed to mentally unstable individuals that are aimed at encouraging them to remain in outpatient treatment, even if they believe they do not need it. I also think that our society needs to establish more programs aimed at helping these individuals get on their feet financially, emotionally, and physically. Too many people think that they are â€Å"cured† and wind up hurting or killing innocent by passers and this would just be a safe precaution to helping keep our communities safe.

Radiocarbon Dating in Archeology

Radiocarbon Dating in Archeology The science of archaeology has undeniably enriched mankind’s history and has helped to quench the quest to understand our past cultures in a better way. Understanding the age and period of existence of the excavated fossils and other organic objects will help the archaeologist to unravel human history and evolution in a scrupulous manner (Taylor 24). Archaeologists utilize one of the revolutionary methods called the radio carbon dating to determine the approximate age of the organic materials including plant and animal parts up to 50000 years (Long). Radiocarbon dating technique is primarily based on the radioactive decay of Carbon-14 isotope. Developed by a team of researchers under the leadership of Dr. Willard Libby, this technique had revolutionized the way the archaeological advancements are made in learning about the past civilization and cultures, changes occurred in the earth and in its climate. Radiocarbon dating enable archaeologists to provide proof of authenticity to the excavated artifacts’ period of usage and thus by collaborating with the efforts with historians and anthropologists, the unwritten history can be precisely explained. Significance Desmond Clark (1979) opinions that if radio carbon dating technique were not discovered, we would still be foundering in a sea of imprecisions sometime bred of inspired guesswork but more often of imaginative speculation (Clark, 1979:7). According to Higham (1999) C14 method can be described as ‘the radio carbon revolution’ which has significantly impacted our understanding about evolution and also cultural emergence of human species. Taylor (1987) suggests C-14 technique as one of the most significant discoveries of 20thcentury that touches the realms of many disciplines including archaeology. Prior to the development of radiocarbon dating it was difficult to determine the age of the artifacts unless it was accompanied with some chronologically specific things like a coin. Otherwise archaeologists had to resort t to the method of relative dating where by comparing with stratigraphically close objects [objects which are buried at the same depth will be approximately of t he same era.] clue regarding the time period and historical styles were assumed or rather guesstimated. But the advent of carbon-14 dating tools has opened up the new scope of absolute dating where scientists could predict the age of excavated artifacts and objects with great precision up to 50,000 years old. For example, if a tree was found to be used in an excavated piece of architecture, by determining the age of the tree or the period when the tree was cut down for construction, the era to which the excavated architecture exactly belongs can be estimated (Michels, J W). The Method of Carbon-14 Technique Archaeologists rely on the various radiometric dating techniques- based on the radioactive properties of unstable chemical atoms to determine the age of the materials. Researchers from the field of Physics have discovered that radioactive molecules are unstable and they undergo decay to attain a stable structure at a specific rate which is directly determined by the atomic number and mass of the decaying atom (Polach, H.A and. Currie, L.A). Based on this constant of the radioisotope of carbon, 14-C or carbon -14 the age of the organic material is assessed. In the biosphere carbon-14 is created by the collision of a neutron, exited by the cosmic ray collides with a nitrogen atom. The isotope of carbon thus produced is radioactive and it will undergo decay at a constant rate (Berger and H.E Suess). The carbon isotope is also absorbed during photosynthesis by plants and reaches animal body when they consume plant parts. It also reaches the organisms through respiration along with normal carbon-12. It is assumed that in a living object carbon-14 which undergoes decay is replaced at a steady rate. The carbon dating technique takes the assumption that al l livings have fairly same percentage of 14C isotope in their body and also that the ratio of carbon-12 to carbon -14 present in the biosphere and inside the living plants and animals remain constant. After the death of the organism the carbon intake is stopped. Then the amount of carbon-12 in the body will not reduce but the amount of carbon-14 undergoes reduction due its radioactivity. Carbon-14 isotope will undergo decay at an exponential rate to form the stable nitrogen-14.Thus by comparing the relative quantity of carbon -12 and carbon -14 in an organic matter excavated scientists can predict the age of the object (R.E Taylor and M.J Aitken). The following equation is used to determine the carbon-14 decay. Where N is the current amount, N_o is the original amount, lambda is the proportionality constant for the growth rate (which is negative for decay), and t is the amount of time that has passed. Figure: 1 Carbon -14 lifecycle. Source: (Brain, 2014) The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years. This implies that it takes 5730 years for half of the 14C atoms in the organic matter to get decayed. When an organism is dead the intake of the carbon-14 stops and in a 5730 year time period, half of the amount of carbon-14 present in the organic matter would have undergone beta decay to form stable Nitrogen-14. The burning of a small piece of the excavated organic matter and measuring the electrons emitted during the process by the decaying carbon-14 by radiation counters enable to quantify the amount of carbon -14 present in the material. This data will help the scientists to relationship of Nitrogen-14 and Carbon-14 atom and can be used to predict the age of the artifact directly. Limitations This method assumes that the ratio of C-14 to C-12 in the atmosphere and in the living organism will be a constant. But studies have showed a slight fluctuation in this ratio over the millennia and hence there is a possibility and consequent discrepancy in calculation too (Currie). Another limitation is the difficulty in estimating the age of things which are older than 50000 years as the amount of C-14 in such samples become absolutely undetectable due to complete decay. Conclusion Despite all the limitations radio carbon dating will remain as a significant tool for archaeologist around the globe to compare and understand the evolution of human culture and civilization. Advancements in this field like accelerator techniques of carbon-14 dating (C. Tuniz, J.R Bird, D.Fink, and G.F Herzog 60) conducted with the help of mass spectrometer have increased the range of the technique up to 100000 years (Nave). Thus undoubtedly radiocarbon dating remains one of the significant tools for the archaeologist to explain the evolution and cultural emergence in a more accurate manner. Works cited Brain, Marshall. How Carbon-14 Dating Works. 03 October 2000. HowStuffWorks.com.  http://science.howstuffworks.com/carbon-14.htm> 18 March 2009. Berger and H.E Suess (eds.). University of California Press, Los Angeles.. 1979: Pp. 7-31. Print Clark, J.D. Radiocarbon Dating and African Prehistory. In, Radiocarbon Dating. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference, Los Angeles and La Jolla, 1976. Currie, LLoyd A. The Remarkable Metrological History Of Radiocarbon Dating [II]. Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 109.2 (2004): 185-217 Higham, Thomas. The Method. 1999. http://www.c14dating.com/int.html.04 Nov 2014. Long, Kelly. Why Is Radiocarbon Dating Important to Archaeology. California State Parks.http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=24000> 1 March 2009. Michels, J W. Dating methods in archaeology. Seminar Press, 1973. Nave, R. Accelerator techniques for carbon dating. http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/nuclear/cardat.html>15 April 2009. Polach, H.A and. Currie, L.A. Exploratory analysis of the international radiocarbon cross- calibration data: consensus values and interlaboratory error. Preliminary note. Radiocarbon,. 1980: -35-933.Print. Taylor, R.E. 1987. Radiocarbon Dating. An archaeological perspective. Academic Press, Orlando, USA. Taylor R.E and M.J Aitken. (eds) 1997. Chronometric dating in Archaeology. Advances in Archaeological and Museum Science, volume 2. Oxford University, England Tuniz, J.R Bird, D.Fink, and G.F Herzog.. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: Ultrasensitive analysis for global science. CRC Press. 1998.

Effective Listening Essay -- Listeners Emotions Essays

Effective Listening The ability to listen well is an important tool for understanding others. Sadly, very few people know how to listen well. In fact, most people can think of only one or two good listeners in their lives. Listening is not simply agreeing - it is much more. Good listeners are able to better understand and respond to others, complete assignments accurately, settle disagreements before they escalate, and establish rapport with difficult people. Listening is often confused with hearing. This serious misconception can lead us to believe that good listening is instinctive. In fact, good listening is an active, sophisticated process – a learned behavior – that demands focus and attention. Listening takes place on several levels. We often move from one level to the other throughout the day, sometimes even within a single conversation. Our listening level often depends on the situation. Some of us listen to our boss but not to our team members. Others listen well at work but tune out their spouse or kids at home. The Three Levels of Listening Deep Listening We all need to strive to be good listeners. Deep listeners are able to free themselves of any distractions. Including their own thoughts and feelings. They listen to the talker without judgement and place themselves in the talkers shoes. They notice the words and the feelings behind the words, what is not said and they acknowledge and respond respectfully. This level of listening is heart centered, which opens the door to respect and understanding. Content Listeners Most people think content listening is real listening. Content listeners listen to words of a communication but ignore all the other elements of the message. They often liste... ...tiating an appropriate response and getting to the heart of the issue under discussion. Conclusion In conclusion, reflecting content refers to clarifying the main idea of the message and the details that support it. Reflecting feeling refers to verifying the emotions surrounding the message. Emotions are difficult to identify because they are abstract. Talkers don't always come right out and say how they are feeling. Sometimes a listener must go beyond the content and dig deeper for the meaning of a message. The listener needs to take a more active role, checking for verbal and non-verbal cues that indicate feelings and emotions. References Netsyndicate, Inc. (1999) Are you really listening? available at http://www.click2learn.com/lessons/netsyndicate/listen/sections/index.html Pearson, J., & Nelson, P. (1997). An introduction to human communication Effective Listening Essay -- Listeners Emotions Essays Effective Listening The ability to listen well is an important tool for understanding others. Sadly, very few people know how to listen well. In fact, most people can think of only one or two good listeners in their lives. Listening is not simply agreeing - it is much more. Good listeners are able to better understand and respond to others, complete assignments accurately, settle disagreements before they escalate, and establish rapport with difficult people. Listening is often confused with hearing. This serious misconception can lead us to believe that good listening is instinctive. In fact, good listening is an active, sophisticated process – a learned behavior – that demands focus and attention. Listening takes place on several levels. We often move from one level to the other throughout the day, sometimes even within a single conversation. Our listening level often depends on the situation. Some of us listen to our boss but not to our team members. Others listen well at work but tune out their spouse or kids at home. The Three Levels of Listening Deep Listening We all need to strive to be good listeners. Deep listeners are able to free themselves of any distractions. Including their own thoughts and feelings. They listen to the talker without judgement and place themselves in the talkers shoes. They notice the words and the feelings behind the words, what is not said and they acknowledge and respond respectfully. This level of listening is heart centered, which opens the door to respect and understanding. Content Listeners Most people think content listening is real listening. Content listeners listen to words of a communication but ignore all the other elements of the message. They often liste... ...tiating an appropriate response and getting to the heart of the issue under discussion. Conclusion In conclusion, reflecting content refers to clarifying the main idea of the message and the details that support it. Reflecting feeling refers to verifying the emotions surrounding the message. Emotions are difficult to identify because they are abstract. Talkers don't always come right out and say how they are feeling. Sometimes a listener must go beyond the content and dig deeper for the meaning of a message. The listener needs to take a more active role, checking for verbal and non-verbal cues that indicate feelings and emotions. References Netsyndicate, Inc. (1999) Are you really listening? available at http://www.click2learn.com/lessons/netsyndicate/listen/sections/index.html Pearson, J., & Nelson, P. (1997). An introduction to human communication

Eyes Were Watching God Essay examples -- essays research papers

Their Eyes Were Watching God provides an enlightening look at the journey of a "complete, complex, undiminished human being", Janie Crawford. Her story, based on self-exploration, self-empowerment, and self-liberation, details her loss and attainment of her innocence and freedom as she constantly learns and grows from her experiences with gender issues, racism, and life. The story centers around an important theme; that personal discoveries and life experiences help a person find themselves. Nanny was determined that Janie would break the cycle of oppression of black women, who were "mules for the world". (Both of Janie's first two husbands owned mules and the way they treated their mules paralleled to the way they treated Janie. Logan Killicks worked his mule demandingly and Joe Starks bought Matt Bonner's mule and put it out to pasture as a status symbol.) After joyfully discovering an archetype for sensuality, love, and marriage under a pear tree at sixteen, Janie quickly comes to understand the reality of marriage in her first two marriages. Both Logan Killicks and Joe Starks attempt to coerce her into submission by treating her like a possession (Killicks worked her like a mule and Starks used her like a medal around his neck). Also Janie learned that passion and love are tied to violence, as Killicks threaten to kill her and Starks beat her to assert his dominance. She continually struggled to keep her inner self-intact and strong in spite ...

The Battle Against Human Trafficking in Europe : Policy Evaluation

The Battle Against Human Trafficking in Europe: Policy Evaluation Samira Misra Webster University Abstract This paper seeks to evaluate the policies of the European Union directed at combatting human trafficking in all its forms. The current plans of the European Commission and the United Nations are presented, and the rationale behind them is scrutinized. Research shows that the European Union recognizes the problem of human trafficking as a complete denial of human rights, and proposes action to bring to justice the responsible persons.The European Unions perspective is one based on the pillars of democracy: freedom, transparency, the law, and security. This paper argues that the aforementioned perspective is not sufficient in ameliorating the situation. It proposes a broader approach to the construction and design of a comprehensive strategy, encompassing the root causes underlying human trafficking, as well. The chief weaknesses of current policy appear to be its implementation, and EU wide co-ordination.With the identification of these weaknesses, this paper proposes significant reform by regulatory agencies for tangible action against the catastrophic reality of the trafficking trade. Ana, a girl from Quito, Ecuador fell in love with her husband at the young age of 20. What she thought would be the best decision of her life, ended up leading her to living in a nightmare. Her husband worked at a brothel in Quito, hiding his profession from Ana. Ana left her husband, along with her toddler, and moved in with her mother jobless. She soon met the owner of a small salon, a lady who would talk about Europe, and the lifestyle of the people there.Ana quickly became starry-eyed and accepted an offer to move to Paris to make money. She was completely unaware of what lay ahead. When she reached Paris, she came to know that no job awaited her, other than prostituting herself on the streets to pay back her debts for her trip to Paris. Her pimps collected most of the m oney she made, and escape was too risky as the trafficking networks were systematic and even connected with law enforcement. Ana did not return to Ecuador for three years, and lived her life, risking it every single day just to make ends meet. This is only ne of thousands of horror stories of the victims of human trafficking (Knierim, 2012). According to the United Nations Office of Drugs & Crime (UNODC), human trafficking is defined as the: The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation.Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, s lavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs. (UNODC, 2012). The sex trafficking industry has become the fastest growing industry in the world, and offenders continue to slip between the cracks of the legislative system (UNHCR, 2010). Data indicates that the number of trafficked victims detected in 2006, in West and Central Europe was 7,300 (UNODC, 2006, p. 229).Transcrime suggests a multiplier of 20 for every victim detected, which means that it is estimated that the actual statistic is 20 times what is known, This leads to a possible statistic of 140,000 victims in Europe. It is hard to say what should cause greater concern, the staggering numbers (which are a conservative estimation), or the fact that the trafficking industry continues to boom. Most trafficked victims in Europe come from Balkan countries, and from Russia. Europe also shows the largest number of nationalities of victims than any other region of the world.Victims are recruited into the sex trafficking trade through force, misrepresentation, false promises and coercion. Young, vulnerable women are lured into traps through promises of opportunities such as jobs, study abroad programs, modelling careers, vacations and the like. Research shows that acquaintances, friends or relatives largely conduct recruitment within Europe. (UNODC, 2010, p. 225) Human trafficking is a deeply complex, and multi-faceted issue. It has three main dimensions: criminal, human rights, and socio-economic.In order to effectively combat human trafficking in the European Union, measures that tackle all aspects need to be devised and implemented. This essay will seek to illustrate that the European policies thus far have taken a very limited viewpoint to the challenges of trafficking, and need to extend their vision to incorporate solutions to the root causes of the sex trade. In the first part of this paper, the policies (to date) to fight trafficking will be examined, as well as the rational e they stem from.The second part will identify the main problems with these policies, and propose changes necessary for the EU to effectively confront the prevalence of trafficking. European Union Policy European Commission In the past decade, the widespread problem of human trafficking has gained increasing media attention. However, this rise in media coverage does not imply an increased effort for measures to be taken. Rather, it triggers a false sense that enough is being to combat trafficking. Yet still, few nations remain immune to its adverse effects. Most countries are source countries, transit countries, or destination countries.It is important to note that within Europe, every nation has its own policy framework against the issue, but scrutinizing each system is beyond the scope of this research paper. For the argument, which this essay seeks to propose, it is more useful to examine the policies of European organizations dedicated solely to trafficking. The discussion will be a chronological presentation of the steps taken by the European Union. The role of the European Commission (EC) is to propose legislation in the collective interest of the EU, as well as assist in its implementation.Usually, the commission initiates legislation to meet requirements under EU treaties. In May 2003, under the Brussels Declaration on human trafficking, a policy framework was introduced, which recognized the importance of addressing the human rights violations of trafficking that threatened the freedom and security of victims. It called for cooperative action on regional, national, and international levels by governments, regulatory bodies and NGOs. Thereafter, in 2004 a EU directive was issued Directive2004/81), and introduced a â€Å"reflection period† in which victims could recover without being deported for illegal migration. If they decided to cooperate with enforcement officials and provided concrete information about their traffickers, they would be gran ted a temporary residence permit through which they could pursue education and career opportunities (European Commission, 2004, p. 261). Although the EC released some policy statements between 2004 and 2011, there were very few noticeable changes in strategy. More recently, the EC has taken a supposedly comprehensive initiative against this phenomenon.In 2011, the European Parliament established a framework outlining legal punitive measures concerning trafficking offences, as well as preventive measures to aid victims (Directive2011/36/EU). Under this policy, offenders of trafficking (including partial participants aiding in the process) were subject to five to ten years of imprisonment depending on the crimes they committed. Furthermore, the Directive stated, â€Å"Member States may decide not to prosecute or impose penalties on victims  of trafficking in human beings for their involvement in criminal activities which they have been compelled to commit. † (European Commiss ion, 2011, p. 01). The aftercare procedures consisted of the possible provision of accommodation, medical care, and interpretation and translation services. Children were required to receive psychological assistance and access to education. All victims were required to be protected sufficiently from abusers and trauma. Preventive measures highlighted by Directive2011/36/EU included education and awareness initiatives, and training for police in identification of offenders and victims. The main improvement in this directive from the last version was that it had broadened the definition of trafficking to include more forms of exploitation.The Directive2011/36/EU demonstrates an approach largely concerned with the criminal and human rights violation aspects of human trafficking, but ignores the circumstantial aspect (the socio-economic conditions which lead people to trafficking). According to the Directive’s understanding, trafficking of persons is first and foremost an absolut e negation of basic human rights for the immense physical and psychological abuse endured by victims. Secondly, it is a criminal offense (or several) on the part of the ffenders, as they partake in heinous crimes of violence, oppression, and cruelty, which trivialize the worth of a human life. The latest strategy was released in June 2012, when the EC adopted the, â€Å"EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings (2012-2016). † This strategy essentially puts forward detailed concrete steps to meet the aims of the previous Directive2011/36/EU. Main objectives of the agenda are identification and protection of victims, increased legal action against offenders, enhanced coordination and cooperation of states in policy implementation, and increased preventive measures.The EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings can only be analyzed conceptually for shortcomings as it has just been put into place. However, despite periodic revision s, it is clear that the EC’s view remains essentially unchanged. The outlook continues to be concerned with law enforcement and organized crime (European Commission, The EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings, p. 4-6). United NationsOther than the EC, the United Nations also recognizes human trafficking as a pressing concern for the international community, and acknowledges its duty to mobilize Member States to act against it. In 2002, the UN TIP Protocol (also known as Palermo Protocol) was adopted by the United Nations to â€Å"†¦prevent, suppress, and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children† (U. N, 2002, p. 1). In December 2003, this protocol came into effect, signed by 117 countries. The UNODC is responsible for upholding the Palermo protocol.Additionally, the UNODC launched its Blue Heart Campaign, directed at increasing awareness and involvement in combatting the trafficking trade. Evaluation Sex trafficking i s a complex issue, which requires an in-depth analysis and understanding of the various dimensions of the problem. The phenomenon of trafficking is immoral and unethical on numerous counts, and therefore the fight against it must confront them all. After a closer insight into the sex trade, it can be reiterated that there are socio-economic, criminal and uman rights standards our society is based on, all of which human trafficking neglects. This section identifies the key loopholes in current anti-trafficking procedures. Data Collection A rather significant issue, which inherently cripples the efficiency of policy-making, is the lack of data on human trafficking. This expresses a concern not with the content of the policies, but rather with the construction of policies, as knowledge of the nature of trafficking remains incomplete. â€Å"Concrete, reliable data on human trafficking is an essential basis for all good programs, interventions, policy and legislation.Without this data i t is not possible to know the extent or the true nature of the trafficking problem, nor understand the complexity of the issues involved. As a result, practitioners and policy-makers are unable to act and react appropriately and effectively†(International Centre for Migration Policy Development, 2008, p. 205). There are several reasons for the dearth of empirical data and statistics. Perhaps the most noteworthy reason is the unwillingness of victims to come forward and report the crimes committed against them.This is because they fear for their personal safety, or fear being prosecuted for crimes such as illegal immigration, prostitution or drug abuse. In extreme cases, victims are monitored by offenders and do not have the access to law enforcement. Other contributing factors are obstacles in legal frameworks, poor data collection methodologies, and reluctance of agencies to share their information. This undermines the foundation upon which policies are devised. Approach to c ombatting trafficking EC policies against trafficking largely ignore problems such as gender inequality, race and class differences.The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that 43% of trafficking victims are used for forced commercial sexual exploitation, of which 98% are female (ILO, 2008, p. 3). Although Europe has long recognized the importance of gender equality, it does not view the problem of human trafficking as representative of gender inequality. Trafficking predominantly affects women, and it is because women are disadvantaged compared to men in society, that they are more susceptible to becoming victims. The leading cause of trafficking is the desperate need of potential victims to flee from poor standards of living.Presently, the EU is not taking sufficient measures to support the empowerment of disadvantaged (impoverished, uneducated, ethnic minorities, etc. ). The harsh EU migration and border laws limit the options women have for better prospects. This ca n (sometimes) be the reason for women seeking illegitimate and unregulated forms of escape. The argument propositioned here, is that thus far, the EU has taken a closed view of trafficking, and has designed policies aimed at short- term â€Å"band aid† solutions, and has failed to devise long term strategies to eliminate the conditions which cause people to resort to risky and life-threatening behavior.In addition, these short- term policies are not gender responsive either, and lack mechanisms to help women (specifically) overcome their susceptibility to such crimes. Human trafficking is a result of a chain of events based on unjust social and economic environments, to which women frequently fall victim. Women are physically weaker and hence more vulnerable to physical harm. In addition, the cultural and societal norms (e. g. gender stereotypes, and social roles) that surround most women aggravate the likelihood of the exposure to crimes against them.As of now, gender equali ty policies apply mainly to EU citizens, whereas most victims of trafficking are non- EU citizens. It is counterproductive to have policies seeking to ensure equal rights, which fail to extend to outsiders (even illegal immigrants). Current anti-trafficking measures have been said to be â€Å"collateral damage†, as they explicitly authorize government action against victims such as deportation, and prosecution for petty crimes (Uhl, 2010, p. 122). These ostensibly supportive measures are in effect punitive for women and discourage them from seeking help.Surprisingly, nearly half of trafficking recruiters are also women. Female victims, desperate to find an escape from the unfathomable abuse, become exploiters over time (UNODC, 2010, p. 227). Policies addressing the socio-economic problems faced by women in areas of unemployment, welfare, education, immigration etc. would empower them, and prove more productive in tackling the issue from preventive, punitive and rehabilitative aspects. In essence, the European Union fails to recognize that human trafficking is partially the end result of societal gender inequalities.Although there are separate initiatives battling gender inequality, under social agendas, the European Union can ‘kill two birds with one stone’ by incorporating these measures in fighting trafficking as well. Rathgeber (2002) asserts, â€Å"Integrated and operational structures need to be developed†¦to counteract the feminization of poverty (p. 163). Academic critics of European trafficking policies (such as Rathgeber and Askola) endorse integration of strategy and procedures to overcome social gaps such as economic class, gender, or race. LegislationThe next key shortcoming in the European policy is the implementation of legislation. Although laws have been passed deeming trafficking of humans as punishable, few nations have used them to convict perpetrators. The implementation of the law so far has been lacks, which coul d only have further discouraged victims to come forward and testify. Despite the European Commissions view of trafficking from a crime and justice standpoint, enforcement officers are not equipped with the proper tools for identification and protection of victims, and not all legal institutions are equipped with legislative frameworks.Frequently, victims are offered through front businesses such as beauty salons, massage parlors or escort services, which make it hard for police officers to diagnose as trafficking rings. The United States Department of Health & Human Services (2008) reports that often victims do not consider themselves to be victims, because they are unaware of their rights and are kept too isolated from communication to be informed of the action they can take. In addition, in Eastern European countries, as well as a few others, trafficking rings are so well connected, that they branch as far out as law enforcement authorities.This could mean that police officials ar e willing to either turn a blind eye to, or participate in criminal activity. In order to have legislation actually serve its purpose, European policies must categorize concrete ways for the identification of offenders and victims. Law enforcement agencies assume that there are clear, visible signs of trafficking activity such as locked doors, low sanitary standards, same working and living space, etc. Rather than relying on superficial symptoms like these, Uhl (2010) suggests that victims can be better detected through a profile, or characteristics based on demography and behavior (p. 23). Identification ties back into being able to recognize that particularly vulnerable slice of society- uneducated and poverty stricken. Legal measures should also guarantee the protection of victims from criminal prosecution and not leave it to the judgment of the enforcement officer, or circumstances. The current Directive does not state this as a requirement, and these grey areas are considerable obstructions to effective execution of justice. According to the UNODC, law enforcement bodies also do not place sufficient priority on charging offenders, as they are aware that it rarely results in a conviction.A large majority of victims and witnesses are deported, or locked up for crimes, which makes their statements unusable in court proceedings. In addition, offenders disappear under the radar and are known to flee the country as well. The failure of legislation is result of other shortcomings, rather than a shortcoming in itself. Each inefficiency snowballs to make the presence of legislative tools futile. Harmonization It seems sound to assume that the European Commissions policies reflect uniform standards between nations because they claim to act in the interest of the European Union.However, this is not the case. Although, the EC has the same anti-trafficking strategy for all its members, different states interpret and enforce the policy differently, and some states simp ly do not uphold the EU standard. The absence of co-ordination and co-operation is yet another way in which convicted offenders escape investigation in court. The initial intention of the strategy is lost across borders, as states continue to pick and choose slices of strategy to administer.This is principally dependent on the level of regulation in each country, as well as on national priorities. In several source countries, especially in the Balkans, corruption is widespread and dishonest officials often work with traffickers or turn a blind eye to unlawful acts (Rathgeber, 2002, p. 153). By definition, what constitutes trafficking also varies from country to country. Some definitions include several forms of exploitation (e. g. bad labor conditions), while others only deal with more severe forms.Therefore, the Directive, which is supposed to tackle the same form of trafficking in a dependable way across nations, ends up being translated to suit specific national standards such as border control, labor conditions, migration law, and sexual morality (Askola, 2007, p. 214). A tentative solution is the establishment of a regulatory legislative body in charge of enforcing the correct application of strategies of the European Commission. Its branches should be established in Member States to regularly monitor execution in accordance with the EU standards.Moreover, the strategies need to avoid ambiguities, which encourage nations to modify implementation. The Directive2004/81 allows for authorities to determine whether temporary residence should be granted or not, based on specific circumstances. In having such loopholes, enforcement bodies become more occupied with the determination of these circumstances, and less with the primary objective of assistance and rehabilitation. European countries have shown limited understanding of trafficking as an issue in itself, despite all the research and analysis there is available on the subject.When examining European Commi ssion approaches to social and economic discrepancies across EU nations, it is evident that there are programs in place, which are built with the primary purpose of establishing equality, and eradicating hierarchy based on gender and class. However, these steps have been relatively ineffective, and lack synchronization across borders. Trafficking is one of the outcomes of the failure of the EU’s measures against poverty, income inequality, lack of welfare and benefit programs, and social services for children, education opportunities, psychotherapy and medical assistance, and rehabilitation.It is these dire circumstances that create desperation for money and through it, the prospect of an improvement in living standards. Conclusion Human trafficking is a problem, interlinked to several existing social, political, geographical and economic disadvantages. In order to formulate a comprehensive response to control the proliferation of trafficking, and the tragic outcomes on victi ms, the European Union must pay heed to the social and economic root causes.The strategies of the past decade reflect a generally conservative approach, as well as one that deals with trafficking as a problem in it, rather than a problem resulting from several other problems. There is little real improvement in the progressive refinement of EU policies. The European Commission has recognized the scope of the problem, and urgency to combat human trafficking, yet the measures are proving unsuccessful. Rather than portraying human trafficking as merely a variation of organized crime, it is critical to acknowledge its social, political, economic and criminal aspects as well.Human trafficking is an outcome of failed social measures, ones that are not directed to fighting the conditions from which it arises. Synchronization and coordination between European nations are the first steps to remodeling strategy design and enhancing the influence of legislation. Gender sensitivity and assistan ce to women should be a top priority in EU policy, to help women shift from their underprivileged position in society. From an evaluative perspective, until these actions are taken, we are likely to see iterative adjustments to current EU policies with little advancement in the right direction.References Askola, H. (2007). Violence against women, trafficking, and migration in the European Union. European Law Journal, 13(2), 204-217. Doi:10. 1111/j. 1468-0386. 2007. 00364. x Cochintu, I. , Tutunaru, L. , Stoicu, N. , & Valea, D. (2011). International cooperation against human trafficking. Juridical Current, 14(2), 78-86. Nieuwenhuys, C. , & Pecoud, A. (2007). Human trafficking, information campaigns, and strategies of migration control. American Behavioral Scientist, 50(12), 1674-1695. Rathgeber, C. (2002). The victimization of women through human trafficking – An aftermath of war?.European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law & Criminal Justice, 10(2/3), 152-163. doi:10. 1163/15718 1702401475340 Skrivankova, K. (2006). Combating trafficking in human beings. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 20(1/2), 229-232. doi:10. 1080/13600860600705135 Surtees, R. (2008). Handbook on anti-trafficking data collection in south-eastern Europe: Developing Regional Criteria. Uhl, B. (2010). Lost in implementation? Human rights rhetoric and violations — A critical review of current European anti-trafficking policies. Security & Human Rights, 21(2), 119-126. Action against trafficking in human beings. † 47 Countries – 800 million citizens – Council of Europe. N. p. , n. d. Web. 10 Nov. 2012. . Communication from the commission to the European parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions. (2012). European Commission Strategy Directive 2011/36/EU of the European parliament and of the Council: On preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its Victims and repl acing Council Framework Decision 2002/629/JHA. 2011). Official Journal of the European Union. â€Å"Europe & Me – Human Trafficking in Europe†. Europe & Me Magazine . N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Dec. 2012. . â€Å"La Strada International. † La Strada International. N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. . Trafficking in persons to Europe for sexual exploitation. (2011). Trends in Organized Crime, 14(2/3), 224-234. doi:10. 1007/s12117-011-9136-y

Intercultural Management Essay

In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. Examination: Final individual report Group presentation: Case analysis: Participation portfolio and discussion: 50% 20% 20% 10% In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and  the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the  cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and  the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the  cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and  the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences. In the context of globalization, international cooperation becomes more important in the business world. For many multinational enterprises and managers who are internationally active it is big challenge to handle with the problems caused by cultural differences. This module emphasizes on the cultural issues in the business world. This module consist of basic understanding of culture, theoretical models for comparison of cultural differences, awareness of cultural specific problems in international economic co-operations through short and long cases. This will help the students to understand the complexity of the globalized business word and the most appropriate approaches associated with management cross cultures and intercultural communication and negotiation. The students should be able to describe „Intercultural Managementâ€Å" as a segment of international management and understand such approaches as well in order to improve their intercultural competences.